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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

时间:2025-07-22 07:32来源: 作者:admin 点击: 5 次
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a group of conditions that are caused by atherosclerosis and that can affect different locations thr

Monckeberg arteriosclerosis

A form of characterized by of the and

There is no blood flow obstruction.

Mainly affects medium-sized

Causes: and/or progressive disease

: pipestem appearance

Arteriolosclerosis: the thickening and loss of elasticity of the small and

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Deposition of below the due to leakage

H&E: pink amorphous deposits () within the arteriolar walls

Causes: chronic , , and normal

Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

of subendothelial in response to very

H&E: "onion-" appearance of the

Cause:

The terms “” and “” are often used synonymously.

Pathophysiology Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [2][3]

Chronic stress on the (e.g., due to and turbulence)

cell dysfunction, which leads to:

Invasion of inflammatory cells (mainly and ) through the disrupted barrier

Adhesion of to the damaged vessel wall → release of inflammatory mediators (e.g., ) and ()

stimulates the migration and of (SMCs) in the and mediates the differentiation of into

Inflammation of the vessel wall

and SMCs ingest from oxidized ; and transform into foam cells ( filled with lipid droplets).

accumulate to form fatty streaks (early atherosclerotic lesions).

Lipid-laden and SMCs produce (e.g., ) deposition → development of a fibrous plaque ()

Inflammatory cells in the (e.g., ) secrete weakening of the fibrous cap of the plaque due to the breakdown of minor stress ruptures the fibrous cap

Calcification of the (the amount and pattern of calcification affect the risk of complications)

Plaque rupture exposure of thrombogenic material ; (e.g., ) formation with vascular occlusion or spreading of thrombogenic material

Common sites (in order of frequency)

Carotid

Atherosclerotic diseases [4]

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